Senin, 19 September 2011

Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatitis B Virus

Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatitis B Virus

Hepatitis B virus, abbreviated HBV, is a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus, which is likewise a part of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. This virus causes the disease hepatitis B.

In addition to causing hepatitis B, infection with HBV can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
It has also been suggested that it may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer.

Basic disorders: Inflammation thorough in liver cells

DIAGNOSIS

Main complaint
  • Nausea, anorexia, vomiting
  • Malese
  • fever
  • Influenza-like syndrome
  • Sometimes the temperature drops, accompanied by jaundice arising

Main sign
  • Jaundice
  • Hepatomegaly, tenderness
  • Temperatures above normal

Laboratory tests
  • SGPT / SGOT, increased
  • Bilirubin increased
  • Normal leucocytes or leukopenia

Special inspection
  • HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) to HVB
  • Anti-HBs antibodies to HBsAg
  • Anti-HBc, HBeAg, HBV DNA

COMPLICATIONS

  • Hepatic coma
  • Chronic active hepatitis
  • Chronic persistent hepatitis
  • Cirrhosis hepatis
  • Hepatoma


TREATMENT

Rest
In an acute need a break

Diet
Tailored to the needs
Moldy foods (tempeh) or contain preservatives avoided

Medical

PROGNOSIS
Can progress to:

  • chronic hepatitis
  • cirrhosis hepatis
  • hepatoma

Diagnosis and Treatment for Liver Disease

Diagnosis and Treatment for Liver Disease

Basic abnormality : fibrosis and necrosis of hepatocytes throughout the liver, resulting in liver cell dysfunction, "portosystemic shunting" and portal hypertension

DIAGNOSIS

Main complaint
  • At first did not seem then occurs slowly
  • Often a sense of bloating
  • Tiredness, weakness
  • Weight dropped
  • Impotence, decreased libido
  • If further haematemesis, melaena
  • amenorrhea

Major signs
  • Face color / gray leather
  • Spider nevi
  • palmar erythema
  • Lunula dilated (white and red nail borders wide)
  • Flapping tremor (asterixis)
  • Lekonikia
  • Widening the veins of the chest and abdomen (caputmeducae)
  • Ginekomasti, tenderness
  • jaundice
  • Hepatomegaly, hardened
  • splenomegaly
  • ascites
  • testicular atrophy

Laboratory tests
  • SGPT, phosphate, alkaline, bilirubin increased
  • albumin decreased
  • Gamma globulin increases

Special inspection
  • liver biopsy
  • endoscopic variceal
  • "Cobblestone appereance" on the photo esophagus

COMPLICATIONS

  • Hematemesis, melena
  • hepatoma
  • hepatic coma
  • infection
  • hepatorenal syndrome


TREATMENT

  • Rest
  • Diet
  • Enough calories and protein
  • Alcohol avoided
  • Enough vitamin
  • When prekoma / comma avoided protein
  • Medical


PROGNOSIS
Depending on the extent of liver damage.